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1.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385833

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin is a widely used platelet concentrate for periodontal surgery procedures. Many benefits are described regarding its use, such as antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the different zones of this platelet concentrated against the most prevalent serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in an in vitro mono-multiserotype model. Three patients who were treated at a School of Dentistry in the city where the researchers reside, were included. Modified direct contact method tests and results were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. In the modified direct contact method test, a decrease in bacterial count was found at time 1, but at time 2, the count increased for all serotypes and zones of L-PRF. It can be noted that the areas with more cellular content in leukocytes and platelet-rich fibrin are the areas with the most antimicrobial powe r. This platelet concentrate would have better results with serotype c. At time point 2, it is likely to act as a growth promoter of A. actinomycetemcomitans.


RESUMEN: La Fibrina rica en Leucocitos y Plaquetas es un concentrado plaquetario ampliamente utilizado en procedimientos quirúrgicos periodontales. Muchos beneficios se describen con respecto a su uso, tales como propiedades antimicrobianas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos antimicrobianos de las diferentes zonas de este concentrado plaquetario frente a los serotipos más prevalentes de Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans en un modelo mono-multi serotipo in vitro. Se incluyeron tres pacientes que fueron tratados en la Facultad de Odontología de la ciudad donde residen los investigadores. Se utilizó para su análisis una prueba de contacto directo modificado. En la prueba de contacto directo modificado, se encontró una disminución en el recuento bacteriano en el tiempo 1, pero en el tiempo 2, el recuento aumentó para todos los serotipos y zonas de L-PRF. Se puede observar que las áreas con mayor contenido celular en la Fibrina rica en Leucocitos y Plaquetas son las áreas con mayor poder antimicrobiano. Este concentrado de plaquetas tendría mejores resultados con el serotipo c. En el tiempo 2, es probable que actúe como un promotor del crecimiento de A. actinomycetemcomitans.

2.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385814

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in self-curing acrylic resin against Streptococcus mutans. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO) in self-curing acrylic resin, hav e antimicrobial properties against Streptococcus mutans, one of the microorganisms involved in the development of caries. Self- cured acrylic resin samples were prepared by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles at different concentrations based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Antibacterial activity against a biofilm was evaluated in samples that were aged in artificial saliva for different times using spectral confocal laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Kruskal-Wallis test using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.0 software (SPSS Inc. ®, Chicago, IL, United States) were used, establishing the value of p <0.05 for statistical significance. The volume of the total biomass that formed in the samples aged for one day was significantly lower than the volume of the total biomass that was formed in those aged for additional days (p <0.001). Electron microscopy analysis revealed high porosity surfaces in all samples. Bacterial clusters wer e located next to large pores and irregular surfaces, while smooth surfaces had defined and linear organization cocci or simple chains. Considering the limitations of this study, the results suggest that the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles add ed to self-curing acrylic (ALIKE) is effective, mainly in fresh 1-day samples, independent of their concentration, and in samples with 16 MIC aged for 14 days, indicating it does not lose its antibacterial activity despite setting for more days. In addition, the ZnO nanoparticles added to ALIKE have the ability to inhibit the formation of biofilms, although they do not minimize the number of viable bacteria.


RESUMEN: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue investigar si nanopartículas de óxido de zinc (ZnO), incorporadas a acrílico acrilico de autocurado, tienen propiedades antimicrobianas contra Streptococcus mutans, uno de los microorganismos implicados en el desarrollo de caries. Se prepararon muestras de resina acrílica autopolimerizada mediante la incorporación de nanopartículas de ZnO a diferentes concentraciones basadas en la concentración mínima inhibitoria (MIC) para Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Se evaluó la actividad antibacteriana contra una biopelícula en muestras envejecidas en saliva artificial para diferentes tiempos utilizando espectros microscopía láser confocal y microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis utilizando el software IBM SPSS Statistics versión 23.0 (SPSS Inc. ®, Chicago, IL, Estados Unidos), estableciendo el valor de p <0,05 para la significancia estadística. El volumen de la biomasa total que se formó en las muestras envejecidas durante un día fue significativamente menor que el volumen de la biomasa total que se formó en las envejecidas durante días adicionales (p <0,001). El análisis de microscopía electrónica reveló superficies de alta porosidad en todas las muestras. Los cúmulos bacterianos se ubicaron junto a poros grandes y superficies irregulares, mientras que las superficies lisas tenían cocos o cadenas simples de organización lineal y definida. Considerando las limitaciones de este estudio, los resultados sugieren que la actividad antibacteriana de las nanopartículas de ZnO agregadas al acrílico autopolimerizable (ALIKE) es efectiva, principalmente en muestras frescas de 1 día, independientemente de su concentración, y en muestras con 16 MIC envejecidas para 14 días, lo que indica que no pierde su actividad antibacteriana a pesar de estar fraguada durante más días. Además, las nanopartículas de ZnO añadidas a ALIKE tienen la capacidad de inhibir la formación de biopelículas, aunque no minimizan el número de bacterias viables.

3.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 14(3): 448-456, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1114920

ABSTRACT

Enterococci are important nosocomial pathogens due to their intrinsic multiresistance and the acquisition of new antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). Enterococcus faecalis has been shown to be one of the main pathogens in persistent endodontic infections, therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotype and resistance genotype of strains of E. faecalis isolated from teeth with persistent endodontic lesions, to the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in dentistry. Thirteen strains of E. faecalis of different pulsotype were analyzed to evaluate the susceptibility to antibiotics, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline, erythromycin and metronidazole, using the Epsilometer test (E- test) and the presence of beta-lactamases with nitrocefin test. Finally, the detection of ARG was performed with a molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and confirmed by the sequencing of the amplification products. Fisher's exact test was used, using 95 % confidence. Regarding the phenotype of resistance, the evaluated strains, independent of the pulsotype, were totally resistant to the action of metronidazole. Antibiotics with higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) after metronidazole include tetracycline and erythromycin. In contrast, lower MIC are applied to the combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. The nitrocefin test was positive only in one strain. Genotypically, two genetically distant strains isolated from a single patient, presented a genotype of resistance to erythromycin, determined by the presence of the ermB gene. No statistically significant relationship was found between phenotypic resistance and the presence of ARG in relation to erythromycin (p> 0.05). It was concluded that isolates of E. faecalis from persistent endodontic infections showed phenotypes of resistance to several antimicrobial agents, all of which were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Periodic evaluation of susceptibility to antibiotics is suggested as an important practice for the surveillance of antibiotic resistance in oral strains.


Los enterococos son importantes patógenos nosocomiales debido a su multi resistencia intrínseca y la adquisición de nuevos genes de resistencia a los antibióticos (ARG). Enterococcus faecalis es uno de los principales patógenos en infecciones endodónticas persistentes, por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar el fenotipo y el genotipo de resistencia de cepas de E. faecalis aisladas de dientes con lesiones endodóncicas persistentes, a los antibióticos comúnmente recetados en odontología. Se analizaron 13 cepas de E. faecalis de diferentes pulsotipos para evaluar la susceptibilidad a los antibióticos, amoxicilina, amoxicilina / ácido clavulánico, tetraciclina, eritromicina y metronidazol, utilizando la prueba de Epsilometría (E-test) y la presencia de beta-lactamasas con prueba de nitrocefina. Finalmente, la detección de ARG se realizó con una técnica molecular de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y se confirmó mediante la secuenciación de los productos de amplificación. Se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher, con un 95 % de confianza. En cuanto al fenotipo de resistencia, las cepas evaluadas, independientes del pulsotipo, fueron totalmente resistentes a la acción del metronidazol. Los antibióticos con los valores más altos de concentración mínima inibitoria (CMI) después del metronidazol incluyen tetraciclina y eritromicina. En contraste, las CMI mas bajas se aplican a la combinación de amoxicilina con ácido clavulánico. La prueba de nitrocefina fue positiva solo en una cepa. Genotípicamente, dos cepas distantes genéticamente, aisladas de un mismo paciente fueron positivas para el gen ermB. No se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la resistencia fenotípica y la presencia de ARG en relación con la eritromicina (p> 0,05). Se concluyó que los aislamientos de E. faecalis de infecciones endodónticas persistentes mostraron fenotipos de resistencia a varios agentes antimicrobianos, todos los cuales fueron susceptibles a amoxicilina / ácido clavulánico. Se sugiere una evaluación periódica de la susceptibilidad a los antibióticos como una práctica importante para la vigilancia de la resistencia a los antibióticos en las cepas orales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Enterococcus faecalis/genetics , Dental Pulp Cavity/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Tetracycline , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Erythromycin , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Clavulanic Acid/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Amoxicillin/pharmacology , Metronidazole
4.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 12(1): 113-119, Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893310

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Molecular techniques that provide valuable information about the epidemiology of oral strains. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic relatedness of 83 Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from treated root canals. These strains were obtained from patients who were treated for persistent endodontic infections. E. faecalis isolates were molecular typed by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis using Smal. Ten clonal groups and 13 pulse types with 38.7 % similarity for the less related strains were identified. Genetic heterogeneity among strains from different patients and a high level of genetic homogeneity among intrapatient strains were observed. Therefore, restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of genomic DNA from E. faecalis strains confirmed the polyclonality of the isolates obtained from the root canals of patients diagnosed with persistent endodontic infections, compared with other reports. These results provide additional data for a better understanding of the epidemiological aspects of root canal infections by E. faecalis.


RESUMEN: Las técnicas moleculares proporcionan información valiosa sobre la epidemiología de aislados orales. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la relación genética de 83 cepas de Enterococcus faecalis aisladas de conductos radiculares tratados. Estas cepas se obtuvieron de pacientes que fueron tratados por infecciones endodónticas persistentes. Los aislados de E. faecalis se tipificaron molecularmente por electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado usando Smal. Se identificaron diez grupos clonales y 13 pulsotipos con un 38,7 % de similitud para las cepas menos relacionadas. Se observó heterogeneidad genética entre las cepas de diferentes pacientes y un alto nivel de homogeneidad genética entre las cepas intrapacientes. Por lo tanto, la toma de huellas dactilares a traves de restricción de ADN genómico de cepas de E. faecalis confirmó la policlonalidad de los aislados obtenidos de los conductos radiculares de pacientes diagnosticados con infecciones endodónticas persistentes, en comparación con otros informes. Estos resultados proporcionan datos adicionales para una mejor comprensión de los aspectos epidemiológicos de las infecciones del conducto radicular por E. faecalis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Periapical Periodontitis/microbiology , Enterococcus faecalis/isolation & purification , Tooth Apex/microbiology , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Dental Pulp Cavity/microbiology
6.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 10(3): 547-554, dic. 2016.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841007

ABSTRACT

Copper was registered as the first solid antimicrobial material. Its availability makes it an important option as an antibacterial agent. At nanoparticle size it does not exceed 100 nm, allowing close interaction with microbial membranes, enhancing its effect even more. Copper generates toxic hydroxyl radicals that damage cell membranes of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, among the latter, Enterococcus faecalis, which are present in infected radicular canals. Synthesis of metal nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties has become a viable alternative and has promising applications in the fight against pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, the use of some polymers to stabilize nanoparticles increases their release time and may as well decrease the risk of bacterial recolonization and biofilm formation within the ducts, enhancing the antimicrobial properties of these compounds.The aim of this article is to conduct a systematic review of the literature on antimicrobial copper nanoparticles, their current applications and their potential use in the area of oral health, specifically in the field of endodontics.


El cobre fue registrado como el primer material antimicrobiano sólido y su disponibilidad permite que constituya una importante opción como agente antibacteriano. Al tamaño de nanopartícula no supera los 100 nm, lo que permite una interacción estrecha con las membranas microbianas, potenciando aún más su efecto. Genera radicales hidroxilos tóxicos que provocan daño en la membrana celular de bacterias Gram negativas y Gram positivas, entre estas últimas, Enterococcus faecalis, presente en conductos radiculares infectados. Por lo que la síntesis de nanopartículas metálicas con propiedades antimicrobianas se ha vuelto una alternativa viable con aplicaciones prometedoras en la lucha contra microorganismos patógenos. Además, utilizando algunos polímeros para estabilizar las nanopartículas se aumenta el tiempo de liberación de éstas y se disminuye el riesgo de recolonización bacteriana y la formación de biopelículas al interior de los conductos, mejorando las propiedades antimicrobianas de estos compuestos. El propósito de este artículo es realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura acerca de nanopartículas de cobre como antimicrobiano, sus aplicaciones actuales y su potencial uso en el área de la salud oral, específicamente en el campo de la Endodoncia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Copper/pharmacology , Dental Pulp Cavity/drug effects , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects
8.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 9(3): 505-510, dic. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-775479

ABSTRACT

The incomplete disinfection of root canal system has been reported as the main cause of post-treatment disease, due to the persistence of bacteria. For over thirty years Enterococcus faecalis has been considered the most common bacterial species isolated from persistent root canal infections, resisting antibacterial agents, such as chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide. Several studies have indicated that copper has optimal disinfecting capacities in a hospital environment. Aimed to know the ex vivo effect of copper sulfate (CuSO4) on E. faecalis. Thirty-six extracted human tooth root canals were inoculated with E. faecalis ATCC 29212. These root canals had undergone endondontic procedures with a rotatory system. The effect of CuSO4 was determined by plate count method of E. faecalis obtained from one sample of each tooth under three incubation times (4th, 7th and 10th day). The canals medicated with CuSO4, the bacterial count decreased 6 log after 4 days and remained as such without statistically significant change until the tenth day. It is an indisputable fact of its antibacterial action. The bacterial persistence may be due to the ability of E. faecalis to remain viable in root canals up to 12 months without additional nutrients. These preliminary results couldbe used for further scientific work assessing the potential for the use of cooper in dentistry.


La desinfección incompleta del sistema de canales radiculares ha sido reportada como la principal causa de infección post tratamiento, debido a la persistencia bacteriana. Por más de 30 años, Enterococcus faecalis se ha considerado una de las especies bacterianas más comunes aisladas de infecciones persistentes del canal radicular, resistiendo a agentes antibacterianos, como clorhexidina e hidróxido de calcio. Varios estudios han indicado que el cobre tiene una capacidad de desinfección óptima en un entorno hospitalario. Con el objetivo de conocer el efecto ex vivo de sulfato de cobre (CuSO4) sobre E. faecalis. Treinta y seis canales radiculares de dientes humanos extraídos fueron inoculados con E. faecalis ATCC 29212. Estos canales radiculares fueron previamente sometidos a instrumentación con un sistema de rotación. El efecto de CuSO4 se determinó por el método de recuento en placa de E. faecalis a partir de una muestra de cada diente en tres tiempos de incubación (4, 7 y 10 días). En los canales medicados con CuSO4, el recuento de bacterias se redujo 6 log después de 4 días y se mantuvo como tal sin cambio estadísticamente significativo hasta el día 10. Esto demuestra su poder antibacteriano. La persistencia bacteriana pudo ser deberse a la capacidad de E. faecalis para seguir siendo viable en canales hasta 12 meses sin nutrientes adicionales. Estos resultados preliminares podrían ser utilizados para otros trabajos científicos que evaluen el potencial uso de cobre en odontología.


Subject(s)
Humans , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Copper Sulfate/pharmacology , Dental Pulp Cavity/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Dental Pulp Cavity/drug effects , Bacterial Load
9.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 14(3): 240-245, July-Sept. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-770540

ABSTRACT

Abstract Aim: To isolate and identify in a Chilean population,Enterococcus spp. from root canals with persistent chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) and to investigate the potential correlation between the bacteria and the observed clinical features. Methods: Twenty patients with indication for endodontic retreatment due to persistent CAP were selected. Data from patient general health and dental clinical history were recorded. During retreatment, a microbial sample was obtained from the root canal and inoculated in a selectiveEnterococcus medium. Using bacterial cultivation methods, bacterial isolates belonging to the genusEnterococcus were identified. The relationship between the number of colony-forming units of Enterococcus spp. and patient clinical data was assessed statistically by the Pearson Chi square and Fisher exact tests. Finally, a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay to determine the most prevalent species of Enterococcus spp. was conducted in the clinical samples, and the results were analyzed by a proportion comparison test. Results: Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated in 70% of the patients. Most of them (98.8%) accounted for Enterococcus faecalis and only 1.2% for Enterococcus faecium. A high frequency of E. faecalis was found in teeth with inadequate endodontic treatment or dental crown restorations. Conclusions: This study concluded that E. faecalis is prevalent in root canals with persistent CAP in a Chilean population. E. faecium as found in a single case with the poorest root canal filling. Further studies are still required to investigate the presence of other species, which may be linked to persistent chronic apical periodontitis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Periapical Granuloma , Enterococcus , Enterococcus faecalis
10.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777209

ABSTRACT

The practice of assessing must ensure that the outcome of the process be a reflection of the learning achieved by students. The aim of this study was to describe the essential attributes of the praxis teacher in the area of Endodontics Learning Evaluation, in the School of Dentistry at the Universidad de Concepción, Chile. This study is designed to diagnose the reliability and objectivity of assessing the learning process, as a framework for innovation, and with a focus on evaluating endodontics skills. This hermeneutic study has a qualitative methodology. It was based on in-depth semi-structured interviews applied to 14 students and 5 teachers, and two focus groups consisting of eight students each. When the study was conducted, the research findings indicated that the evaluation process was not objective and lacked established criteria, and especially a guide to determining the skills. The theoretical evaluation was only summative. The formative role was not formally established. The subjects answered mostly psychometric instruments by multiple choice and with short or extended answers. It was concluded that teacher practice held meaning only if it was backed by academic expertise in the area of endodontics, according to no clear criteria or validated instruments. On the other hand, the groundwork was in place for using an epistemological style in endodontics. This provided a basis for the actual improvements, and allowed the tools developed to be dialectically interconnected with teacher experience. A quantitative analysis was not considered, but could be supplemented later to enhance the data analysis in a future study.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Dental Research/methods , Education, Dental/methods , Endodontics/education , Universities , Chile , Faculty, Dental , Program Evaluation , Students, Dental , Surveys and Questionnaires , Teaching/methods
11.
Educ. med. super ; 28(1): 104-114, ene.-mar. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-711030

ABSTRACT

La evaluación es uno de los pilares fundamentales del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje dentro del contexto educativo por competencias. Evaluar es emitir un juicio de valor sobre dicho proceso. Cuando se evalúa separado de esto, resulta una evaluación desintegrada, que pierde su valor formativo. La Odontología es una carrera del área de la salud, donde una sólida teoría se proyecta de manera activa en los procedimientos, dirigidos hacia la mantención y recuperación de la salud bucal humana y en una atención de calidad hacia el paciente. Una práctica evaluativa debe ser objetiva, abordando tanto los criterios conceptuales como los aspectos procedimentales y los actitudinales. La optimización del proceso de formación profesional del futuro odontólogo, a partir del mejoramiento de las acciones de validación y confiabilidad de los aprendizajes, con la incorporación de una evaluación orientada al desarrollo de competencias, debe nacer de un conocimiento global de lo que significa evaluación.


Assessment is an important pillar in the teaching-learning process within the educational context for competencies. Assess is to issue a judgment on this process. When evaluated separately from this, an evaluation is disintegrated, loses its educational value. Dentistry is a career in the health area where the theory solid is projected actively in the proceedings, directed to the maintenance and recovery of human oral health and quality care to the patient. An objective assessment practice must be addressed to other conceptual evaluative criteria, the procedural and attitudes aspects. The optimization of the process of training of future dentists, from improved actions validation and reliability of learning, with the incorporation of evaluation aimed at developing competence, must be born of a global knowledge assessment of what it means.

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